Publications

Books

• T. Houser, S. Hsiang, R. Kopp, K. Larsen and others (2015). Economic Risks of Climate Change: An American Prospectus. New York: Columbia University Press, 384 pp. ISBN 9780231174565.

Working papers and manuscripts in press

• Behar, D., R. Kopp, R. DeConto, C. Weaver, K. White, K. May, and R. Bindschadler (2017). “Planning for Sea Level Rise: An AGU Talk in the Form of a Co-Production Experiment Exploring Recent Science”.

• Desmet, K., R. Kopp, S. A. Kulp, D. K. Nagy, M. Oppenheimer, E. Rossi-Hansberg, and B. H. Strauss (2018). Evaluating the economic cost of coastal flooding. Working Paper 24918. National Bureau of Economic Research.

• Carleton, T., A. Jina, M. T. Delgado, M. Greenstone, T. Houser, S. M. Hsiang, A. Hultgren, R. E. Kopp, K. E. McCusker, I. Nath, J. Rising, A. Rode, H. K. Seo, A. Viaen, J. Yuan, and A. T. Zhang (2020). Valuing the Global Mortality Consequences of Climate Change Accounting for Adaptation Costs and Benefits. Working Paper 27599. National Bureau for Economic Research.

• Baranes, H. E., J. D. Woodruff, S. A. Talke, R. E. Kopp, R. D. Ray, and R. M. DeConto (in review). Tidally-driven interannualy variation in extreme sea level probabilities in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research. doi: 10.1002/essoar.10502738.1.

• Gilford, D. M., E. L. Ashe, R. E. Kopp, R. M. DeConto, D. Pollard, and A. Rovere (in review). Can the Last Interglacial Constrain Projections of Future Antarctic Ice Mass Loss and Sea-level Rise? Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface. doi: 10.1002/essoar.10501078.1.

• Rasmussen, D. J., R. E. Kopp, R. L. Shwom, and M. Oppenheimer (in review). The politics of natural hazard preparedness and infrastructure: lessons for coastal defense and other climate adaptation public works. Earth’s Future. doi: 10.1002/essoar.10502705.1.

• Yuan, J., M. L. Stein, and R. E. Kopp (in review). The evolving distribution of relative humidity conditional upon daily maximum temperaturein a warming climate. Journal of Geophysical Research. doi: 10.1002/essoar.10501236.1.

• Kopp, R. E. (in press). Land-grant lessons for Anthropocene universities. Climatic Change.

Journal articles

• Frederikse, T., M. K. Buchanan, E. Lambert, R. E. Kopp, M. Oppenheimer, D. Rasmussen, and R. S. W. van de Wal (2020). The role of emission scenarios and Antarctica in 21st century extreme water level changes. Nature Communications 11, 390. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14049-6.

• Hamlington, B. D., A. S. Gardner, E. Ivins, J. T. Lenaerts, J. Reager, D. S. Trossman, E. D. Zaron, S. Adhikari, A. Arendt, A. Aschwanden, et al. (2020). Understanding of Contemporary Regional Sea-level Change and the Implications for the Future. Reviews of Geophysics, e2019RG000672. doi: 10.1029/2019RG000672.

• Hawley, W. B., C. C. Hay, J. X. Mitrovica, and R. E. Kopp (2020). A Spatially Variable Time Series of Sea Level Change due to Artificial Water Impoundment. Earth’s Future. doi: 10.1029/2020EF001497.

• Li, D., J. Yuan, and R. E. Kopp (2020). Escalating Global Exposure to Compound Heat-Humidity Extremes with Warming. Environmental Research Letters 15, 064003. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab7d04.

• Miller, K., J. Browning, W. Schmelz, R. Kopp, G. Mountain, and J. Wright (2020). Cenozoic sea-level and cryospheric evolution from deep-sea geochemical and continental margin records. Science Advances 6, eaaz1346. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1346.

• Rasmussen, D. J., M. K. Buchanan, R. E. Kopp, and M. Oppenheimer (2020). A flood damage allowance framework for coastal protection with deep uncertainty in sea-level rise. Earth’s Future 8, e2019EF001340. doi: 10.1029/2019EF001340.

• Vicedo-Cabrera, A., D. S. Goldfarb, R. E. Kopp, L. Song, and G. E. Tasian (2020). Sex Differences in the Temperature-Dependence of Kidney Stone Presentations: a Population-Based Aggregated Case-Crossover Study. Urolithiasis 48, 37–46. doi: 10.1007/s00240-019-01129-x.

• Ashe, E. L., N. Cahill, C. C. Hay, N. Khan, A. Kemp, S. Engelhart, B. P. Horton, A. Parnell, and R. E. Kopp (2019). Statistical modeling of rates and trends in Holocene sea level. Quaternary Science Reviews 204, 58–77. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.032.

• Bamber, J. L., M. Oppenheimer, R. E. Kopp, W. Aspinall, and R. M. Cooke (2019). Ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise from structured expert judgement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 11195-11200. doi:10.1073/pnas.1817205116.

• Capron, E., A. Rovere, J. Austermann, Y. Axford, N. L. M. Barlow, A. E. Carlson, A. de Vernal, A. Dutton, R. E. Kopp, J. F. McManus, L. Menviel, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, A. Robinson, J. D. Shakun, P. C. Tzedakis, and E. W. Wolff (2019). Challenges and Research Priorities to Understand Interactions between Climate, Ice Sheets and Global Mean Sea Level during Past Interglacials. Quaternary Science Reviews 219, 308–311. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.030.

• Ciscar, J.-C., J. Rising, R. E. Kopp, and L. Feyen (2019). Assessing future climate change impacts in the EU and the USA: insights and lessons from two continental-scale projects. Environmental Research Letters 14, 084010. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab281e.

• Gornitz, V., M. Oppenheimer, R. Kopp, P. Orton, M. Buchanan, N. Lin, R. Horton, and D. Bader (2019). New York City Panel on Climate Change 2019 Report Chapter 3: Sea Level Rise. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1439(1), 71–94. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14006.

• Gregory, J., S. Griffies, C. Hughes, J. Lowe, J. Church, I. Fukumori, N. Gomez, R. Kopp, F. Landerer, R. Ponte, D. Stammer, M. Tamisiea, and R. van de Wal (2019). Concepts and terminology for sea level – mean, variability and change, both local and global. Surveys in Geophysics 40, 1251-1289. doi:10.1007/s10712-019-09525-z.

• Hall, J. A., C. P. Weaver, J. Obeysekera, M. Crowell, R. M. Horton, R. E. Kopp, J. Marburger, D. C. Marcy, A. Parris, W. V. Sweet, and W. C. Veatch (2019). Rising Sea Levels: Helping Decision-Makers Confront the Inevitable. Coastal Management 47, 127-150. doi: 10.1080/08920753.2019.1551012.

• Jevrejeva, S., T. Frederikse, R. E. Kopp, G. Le Cozannet, L. P. Jackson, and R. S. W. van de Wal (2019). Probabilistic sea level projections at the coast by 2100. Surveys in Geophysics 40, 1673–1696. doi: 10.1007/s10712-019-09550-y.

• Kopp, R. E., E. A. Gilmore, C. M. Little, J. Lorenzo Trueba, V. C. Ramenzoni, and W. V. Sweet (2019). Usable Science for Managing the Risks of Sea-Level Rise. Earth’s Future 7, 1235-1269. doi: 10.1029/2018EF001145.

• Shwom, R. L. and R. E. Kopp (2019). Long-term risk governance: When do societies act before crisis? Journal of Risk Research 22, 1374–1390. doi: 10.1080/13669877.2018.1476900. [SSRN version]

• Wrathall, D. et al. (2019). Meeting the challenge of future migration from global sea-level change. Nature Climate Change 9, 898–903. doi: 10.1038/s41558-019-0640-4.

• García-Artola, A., P. Stéphan, A. Cearreta, R. E. Kopp, N. S. Khan, and B. P. Horton (2018). Holocene sea- level database from the Atlantic coast of Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 196, 177–192. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.031.

• Garner, A. J., J. L. Weiss, A. Parris, R. E. Kopp, R. M. Horton, J. T. Overpeck, and B. P. Horton (2018). Evolution of 21st Century Sea-level Rise Projections. Earth’s Future 6, 1603-1615. doi: 10.1029/2018EF000991.

• B. P. Horton, R. E. Kopp, A. J. Garner, C. C. Hay, N. S. Khan, K. Roy, and T. A. Shaw (2018). Mapping sea-level change in time, space and probability. Annual Reviews of Environment and Resources 43, 481-521. doi: 10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025826.

• B. P. Horton, I. Shennan, S. Bradley, N. Cahill, M. Kirwan, R. E. Kopp, and T. A. Shaw (2018). Predicting marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise using Holocene relative sea-level data. Nature Communications 9, 2687. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05080-0.

• Hsiang, S. M. and R. E. Kopp (2018). An economist’s guide to climate change science. Journal of Economic Perspectives 32(4), 3-32. doi:10.1257/jep.32.4.3. [NBER version]

• C. S. Johnson, K. G. Miller, J. V. Browning, R. E. Kopp, N. S. Khan, Y. Fan, S. D. Stanford, and B. P. Horton (2018). The Role of Sediment Compaction and Groundwater Withdrawal in Local Sea-Level Rise, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews 181, 30–42. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.031.

• Kemp, A. C., A. J. Wright, R. J. Edwards, R. L. Barnett, M. J. Brain, R. E. Kopp, N. Cahill, B. P. Horton, D. J. Charman, A. D. Hawkes, T. D. Hill, and O. van de Plassche (2018). Late Holocene relative sea-level change in Newfoundland, Canada. Quaternary Science Reviews 201, 89–110. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.012.

• Meijles, E. W., P. Kiden, H.-J. Streurman, J. van der Plicht, P. C. V. W. R. Gehrels, and R. E. Kopp (2018). Holocene relative sea-level changes in the Wadden Sea area, northern Netherlands. Journal of Quaternary Science 33, 905-923. doi: 10.1002/jqs.3068.

• J. X. Mitrovica, C. C. Hay, R. E. Kopp, C. Harig, and K. Latychev (2018). Quantifying the Sensitivity of Sea Level Change in Coastal Localities to the Geometry of Polar Ice Mass Flux. J. Climate 31, 3701-3709. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0465.1.

• D. J. Rasmussen, K. Bittermann, M. K. Buchanan, S. Kulp, B. H. Strauss, R. E. Kopp, and M. Oppenheimer (2018). Extreme sea level implications of 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C, and 2.5 °C temperature stabilization targets in the 21st and 22nd centuries. Environmental Research Letters 13, 034040. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aaac87.

• M. E. Ross, A. M. Vicedo-Cabrera, R. E. Kopp, L. Song, D. S. Goldfarb, J. Pulido, S. Warner, S. L. Furth, and G. E. Tasian (2018). Assessment of the combination of temperature and relative humidity on kidney stone presentations. Environmental Research 162, 97–105. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.020.

• Vacchi, M., S. E. Engelhart, D. Nikitina, E. L. Ashe, W. R. Peltier, K. Roy, R. E. Kopp, and B. P. Horton (2018). Postglacial relative sea-level histories along the eastern Canadian coastline. Quaternary Science Reviews 201, 124–146. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.043.

• Yuan, J., W. Li, R. E. Kopp, and Y. Deng (2018). Response of subtropical stationary waves and hydrological extremes to climate warming in boreal summer. Journal of Climate 31, 10165-10180 . doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17- 0401.1.

• K. Bittermann, S. Rahmstorf, R. E. Kopp, and A. C. Kemp (2017). Global mean sea-level rise in a world agreed upon in Paris. Environmental Research Letters 12, 124010. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa9def.

• M. K. Buchanan, M. Oppenheimer, and R. E. Kopp (2017). Amplification of flood frequencies with local sea level rise and emerging flood regimes. Environmental Research Letters 12, 064009. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cb3.

• A. J. Garner, M. E. Mann, K. A. Emanuel, R. E. Kopp, N. Ling, R. B. Alley, B. P. Horton, R. M. DeConto, J. P. Donnelly, and D. Pollard (2017). Impact of climate change on New York City’s coastal flood hazard: Increasing flood heights from the preindustrial to 2300 CE. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114, 11861–11866. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1703568114.

• C. C. Hay, E. D. Morrow, R. E. Kopp, and J. X. Mitrovica (2017). On the robustness of Bayesian fingerprinting estimates of global sea-level change. Journal of Climate 155, 13-36. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0271.1.

• S. Hsiang, S., R. Kopp, A. Jina, J. Rising, M. Delgado, S. Mohan, D. J. Rasmussen, R. Muir-Wood, P. Wilson, M. Oppenheimer, K. Larsen, and T. Houser (2017). Estimating economic damage from climate change in the United States. Science 356(6345), 1362–1369. doi: 10.1126/science.aal4369. [Zenodo Data Archive] [Interactive maps] [Summary tables]

• N. S. Khan, E. Ashe, B. P. Horton, A. L. Dutton, R. E. Kopp, G. Brocard, S. E. Engelhart, D. F. Hill, W. Peltier, C. H. Vane, and F. N. Scatena (2017). Drivers of Holocene sea-level change in the Caribbean. Quaternary Science Reviews 155, 13–36. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.08.032.

• R. E. Kopp, R. M. DeConto, D. A. Bader, R. M. Horton, C. C. Hay, S. Kulp, M. Oppenheimer, D. Pollard, and B. H. Strauss (2017). Evolving Understanding of Antarctic Ice-Sheet Physics and Ambiguity in Probabilistic Sea-Level Projections. Earth’s Future 5, 1217-1233. doi: 10.1002/2017EF000663. [Climate Lab Insights Post] [Interactive Maps]

• R. E. Kopp, A. L. Dutton, and A. E. Carlson (2017). Centennial- to millennial-scale sea-level change during the Holocene and Last Interglacial periods. Past Global Changes Magazine 25(3), 148–149. doi: 10. 22498/pages.25.3.148.

• A. J. Meltzner, A. D. Switzer, B. P. Horton, E. Ashe, Q. Qiu, D. F. Hill, S. L. Bradley, R. E. Kopp, E. M. Hill, J. M. Majeski, D. H. Natawidjaja, and B. W. Suwargadi (2017). Half-metre sea-level fluctuations on centennial timescales from mid-Holocene corals of Southeast Asia. Nature Communications 8, 14387. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14387.

• K. G. Miller, J. V. Browning, P. J. Sugarman, D. H. Monteverde, D. C. Andreasen, C. Lombardi, J. Thornburg, Y. Fan, and R. E. Kopp (2017). Lower to mid-Cretaceous Sequence Stratigraphy and Characterization of CO₂ Storage Potential in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Coastal Plain. Journal of Sedimentary Research 87, 609–629. doi: 10.2110/jsr.2017.33.

• K. G. Miller, R. Baluyot, J. D. Wright, R. E. Kopp, and J. V. Browning (2017). Closing an early Miocene astronomical gap with Southern Ocean δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records: Implications for sea-level change. Paleoceanography 32, 600-621. doi: 10.1002/2016PA003074.

• B. C. O’Neill, M. Oppenheimer, R. Warren, S. Hallegatte, R. E. Kopp, H. O. Pörtner, R. Scholes, J. Birkmann, W. Foden, R. Licker, K. J. Mach, P. Marbaix, M. Mastrandrea, J. Price, K. Takahashi, J.-P. van Ypersele, and G. Yohe (2017). IPCC Reasons for Concern regarding climate change risks. Nature Climate Change 7, 28–37. doi: 10.1038/nclimate3179.  [Journal link]

• M. K. Buchanan, R. E. Kopp, M. Oppenheimer, and C. Tebaldi (2016). Allowances for evolving coastal flood risk under uncertain local sea-level rise. Climatic Change 137, 347-362. doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1664-7.

• T. Dura, S. Engelhart, M. Vacchi, B. P. Horton, R. E. Kopp, R. W. Peltier, and S. Bradley (2016). The role of Holocene relative sea-level change in preserving records of subduction zone earthquakes. Current Climate Change Reports 2, 86-100. doi: 10.1007/s40641-016-0041-y.

• A. Düsterhus, A. Rovere, A. E. Carlson, N. L. M. Barlow, T. Bradwell, A. Dutton, R. Gehrels, F. D. Hibbert, M. P. Hijma, B. P. Horton, V. Klemann, R. E. Kopp, D. Sivan, L. Tarasov, and T. E. Törnqvist (2016). Palaeo sea-level and ice-sheet databases: problems, strategies and perspectives. Climate of the Past 12, 911–921. doi:10.5194/cp-12-911-2016.

• C. C. Hay, J. X. Mitrovica, E. Morrow, R. E. Kopp, P. Huybers, and R. B. Alley (2016). Earth rotation changes since -500 CE driven by ice mass variations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 448, 115–121. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.020.

• K. Hayhoe and R. E. Kopp (2016). What surprises lurk within the climate system? Environmental Research Letters 11, 120202. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/120202.

• R. E. Kopp, A. C. Kemp, K. Bittermann, B. P. Horton, J. P. Donnelly, W. R. Gehrels, C. C. Hay, J. X. Mitrovica, E. D. Morrow, and S. Rahmstorf (2016). Temperature-driven global sea-level variability in the Common Era. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, E1434-E1441. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517056113. [Code]

• R. E. Kopp, R. Shwom, G. Wagner, and J. Yuan (2016). Tipping elements and climate-economic shocks: Pathways toward integrated assessment. Earth’s Future 4, 346-372. doi:10.1002/2016EF000362.

• N. Lin, B. P. Horton, R. E. Kopp, and J. P. Donnelly (2016). Hurricane Sandy’s flood frequency increasing from year 1800 to 2100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, 12071–12075. doi: 10.1073/ pnas.1604386113.

• J. Liu, G. A. Milne, R. E. Kopp, P. U. Clark, and I. Shennan (2016). Sea-Level Constraints on the Amplitude and Source Distribution of Meltwater Pulse 1A. Nature Geoscience 9, 130-134. doi:10.1038/NGEO2616.

• D. J. Rasmussen, M. Meinshausen, and R. E. Kopp (2016). Probability-weighted ensembles of U.S. county-level climate projections for climate risk analysis. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, 2301-2322. doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0302.1. [Data sets]

• J. R. Creveling, J. X. Mitrovica, C. C. Hay, J. Austermann, and R. E. Kopp (2015). Revisiting tectonic corrections applied to Pleistocene sea-level highstands. Quaternary Science Reviews 111, 72–80. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.003.

• S. E. Engelhart, M. Vacchi, B. P. Horton, A. R. Nelson, and R. E. Kopp (2015). Sea-level history of the Pacific coast of North America since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 113, 78–92. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.001.

• C. C. Hay, E. D. Morrow, R. E. Kopp, and J. X. Mitrovica (2015). Probabilistic reanalysis of 20th century sea-level rise. Nature 517, 481–484. doi:10.1038/nature14093.

• N. S. Khan, E. Ashe, T. A. Shaw, M. Vacchi, J. Walker, W. Peltier, R. E. Kopp, and B. P. Horton (2015). Holocene relative sea-level changes from near-, intermediate-, and far-field locations. Current Climate Change Reports 1, 247–262. doi:10.1007/s40641-015-0029-z.

• R. E. Kopp, C. C. Hay, C. M. Little, and J. X. Mitrovica (2015). Geographic variability of sea-level change. Current Climate Change Reports 1, 192-204. doi:10.1007/s40641-015-0015-5.

• R. E. Kopp, B. P. Horton, A. C. Kemp and C. Tebaldi (2015). Past and future sea-level rise along the coast of North Carolina, United States. Climatic Change 132, 693-707. doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1451-x.  [Journal link]

• C. M. Little, R. M. Horton, R. E. Kopp, M. Oppenheimer, and S. Yip (2015). Uncertainty in 21st century CMIP5 sea-level projections. Journal of Climate 28, 838–852. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00453.1.

• C. M. Little, R. M. Horton, R. E. Kopp, M. Oppenheimer, G. A. Vecchi, and G. Villarini (2015). Joint projections of US East Coast sea level and storm surge. Nature Climate Change 5, 1114-1120. doi:10.1038/nclimate2801.

• J. X. Mitrovica, C. C. Hay, E. D. Morrow, R. E. Kopp, M. Dumberry, and S. Stanley (2015). Reconciling past and present changes in Earth rotation with 20th century global sea-level rise: Resolving Munk’s enigma. Science Advances 1, e1500679. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500679.

• D. Nikitina, A. C. Kemp, S. E. Engelhart, B. P. Horton, D. F. Hill, and R. E. Kopp (2015). Sea-level change and subsidence in the Delaware estuary in the last ∼ 2200 years. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 164, 506-519. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2015.08.012.

• A. Chen, V. Berounsky, M. Chan, M. Blackford, C. Cady, B. Moskowitz, P. Kraal, E. Lima, R. Kopp, G. Lumpkin, B. Weiss, and P. Hesse (2014). Magnetic properties of uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria and their contribution to a stratified estuary iron cycle. Nature Communications 5, 4797, doi:10.1038/ncomms5797.

• C. C. Hay, J. X. Mitrovica, N. Gomez, J. R. Creveling, J. Austermann, and R. E. Kopp (2014). The sea-level fingerprints of ice-sheet collapse during interglacial periods. Quaternary Science Reviews 87, 60–69, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.022.

• A.C. Kemp, C. E. Bernhardt, B. P. Horton, R. E. Kopp, C. H. Vane, W. R. Peltier, A. D. Hawkes, J. P. Donnelly, A. C. Parnell, and N. Cahill (2014). Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic coast. Marine Geology 357, 90–100, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.010.

• R. E. Kopp, R. M. Horton, C. M. Little, J. X. Mitrovica, M. Oppenheimer, D. J. Rasmussen, B. H. Strauss, and C. Tebaldi (2014). Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea-level projections at a global network of tide gauge sites. Earth’s Future 2, 287–306, doi:10.1002/2014EF000239. [Journal link] [LocalizeSL: Offline localization code]

• R. L. Revesz,, P. H. Howard, K. Arrow, L. H. Goulder, R. E. Kopp, M. A. Livermore, M. Oppenheimer, and T. Sterner (2014). Global warming: Improve economic models of climate change. Nature 508, 173–175, doi:10.1038/508173a.

• O. van de Plassche, A. J. Wright, B. P. Horton, S. E. Engelhart, A. C. Kemp, D. Mallinson, and R. E. Kopp (2014). Estimating tectonic uplift of the Cape Fear Arch (southeast-Atlantic coast, USA) using reconstructions of Holocene relative sea level. Journal of Quaternary Science 29(8), 749–759, doi:10.1002/jqs.2746.

• C. C. Hay, E. Morrow, R. E. Kopp and J. X. Mitrovica (2013). Detecting the sea level fingerprint of polar ice mass changes: Testing a new method for estimating the sources of global sea level change using tide gauge records. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110 (S1), 3692-3699, doi:10.1073/pnas.1117683109.

• K. P. Kodama, R. E. Moeller, D. A. Bazylinski, R. E. Kopp and A. P. Chen (2013). The mineral magnetic record of magnetofossils in the Recent lake sediments of Lake Ely, PA. Global Planet. Change 110C, 350-363, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.03.012.

• R. E. Kopp (2013). Does the mid-Atlantic United States sea-level acceleration hot spot reflect ocean dynamic variability? Geophys. Res. Lett. 40, 3981-3985, doi:10.1002/grl.50781. [Journal Link]

• R. E. Kopp and B. K. Mignone (2013). Circumspection, reciprocity, and optimal carbon prices. Climatic Change 120, 831-843, doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0858-5. [Journal Link]

• R. E. Kopp, F. J. Simons, J. X. Mitrovica, A. C. Maloof and M. Oppenheimer (2013). A probabilistic assessment of sea level variations within the Last Interglacial stage. Geophys. J. Int. 193, 711-716, doi:10.1093/gji/ggt029. [Journal link]

• A. Marten, R. E. Kopp, K. C. Shouse, C. Griffiths, E. L. Hodson, E. Kopits, B. K. Mignone, C. Moore, S. Newbold, S. Waldhoff and A. Wolverton (2013). Improving the assessment and valuation of climate change impacts for policy and regulatory analysis. Climatic Change 117, 433-438, doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0608-0.

• K. G. Miller, R. E. Kopp, B. P. Horton, J. V. Browning, and A. C. Kemp (2013). A geological perspective on sea-level rise and its impacts along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. Earth’s Future 1, 3-18, doi:10.1002/2013EF000135.

• M. Siddall, R. C. A. Hindmarsh, W. G. Thompson, A. Dutton, R. E. Kopp and E. J. Stone (2013). Sea level variations during the last interglacial. PAGES news 21(1), 36-37.

• J. Eom, K. Calvin, L. Clarke, J. Edmonds, S. Kim, R. E. Kopp, P. Kyle, P. Luckow, P. Patel, R. Moss, and M. Wise (2012). Exploring the future role of Asia utilizing a scenario matrix architecture and Shared Socio-Ecosystem Pathways. Energy Economics 34, S325-S338, doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2012.03.012.

• R. E. Kopp (2012). Paleoclimate: Tahitian record suggests Antarctic collapse. Nature 483, 549-550, doi:10.1038/483549a.

• R. E. Kopp, A. Golub, N. O. Keohane and C. Onda (2012). The influence of the specification of climate change damages on the social cost of carbon. Economics 6, 2012-13, doi:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2012-13.

• R. E. Kopp and B. K. Mignone (2012). The U.S. government’s social cost of carbon estimates after their first two years: Pathways for improvement. Economics 6, 2012-15, doi:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2012-15.

• C. A. Katsman, A. Sterl, J. J. Beersma, H. W. van den Brink, J. A. Church, W. Hazeleger, R. E. Kopp, D. Kroon, J. Kwadijk, R. Lammersen, J. Lowe, M. Oppenheimer, H.-P. Plag, J. Ridley, H. von Storch, D. G. Vaughan, P. Vellinga, L. L. A. Vermeersen, R. S. W. van de Wal, and R. Weisse (2011). Exploring high-end scenarios for local sea level rise to develop flood protection strategies for a low-lying delta – the Netherlands as an example. Climatic Change  109:617-645, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0037-5. [Journal link]

• C. Kousky, R. E. Kopp and R. M. Cooke (2011). Risk premia and the social cost of carbon: a review. Economics 5, 2011-21, doi:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2011-21.

• R. E. Kopp, J. X. Mitrovica, S. M. Griffies, J. Yin, C. C. Hay and R. J. Stouffer (2010). The impact of Greenland melt on regional sea level: a partially coupled analysis of dynamic and static equilibrium effects in idealized water-hosing experiments. Climatic Change 103, 619-625, doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9935-1. [Journal link]

• R. E. Kopp and D. L. Mauzerall (2010). Assessing the climatic benefits of black carbon mitigation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107, 11703-11708, doi:10.1073/pnas.0909605107.

• R. E. Kopp, F. J. Simons, J. X. Mitrovica, A. C. Maloof, and M. Oppenheimer (2009). Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage. Nature 462, 863-867, doi:10.1038/nature08686. [Data for figure 4a-b and 5] [Supplemental Database] [Code] [Journal link]

• R. E. Kopp, D. Schumann, T. D. Raub, D. S. Powars, L. V. Godfrey, N. L. Swanson-Hysell, A. C. Maloof, and H. Vali (2009). An Appalachian Amazon? Magnetofossil evidence for the development of a tropical river-like system in the mid-Atlantic U.S. during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.  Paleoceanography 24, PA4211, doi:10.1029/2009PA001783. [Journal link]

• D. Morrow, R. E. Kopp, and M. Oppenheimer (2009). Toward ethical norms and institutions for climate engineering research. Environ. Res. Lett. 4, 045106, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045106.

• J. L. Kirschvink and R. E. Kopp (2008). Palaeoproterozoic ice houses and the evolution of oxygen-mediating enzymes: the case for a late origin of photosystem II. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 363, 2755-2765, doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0024. [Journal link]

• J. L. Kirschvink, R. E. Kopp, T. D. Raub, C. T. Baumgartner, and J. W. Holt (2008). Rapid, precise, and high-sensitivity acquisition of paleomagnetic and rock magnetic data, Development of a low-noise automatic sample changing system for superconducting rock magnetometers. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 9, Q05Y01, doi:10.1029/2007GC001856. [Journal link]

• R. E. Kopp and J. L. Kirschvink (2008). The identification and biogeochemical interpretation of fossil magnetotactic bacteria. Earth Sci. Rev. 86, 42-61, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.08.001. [Journal link]

• D. Schumann, T. D. Raub, R. E. Kopp, J-L. Guerquin-Kern, T-D. Wu, I. Rouiller, A. V. Smirnov, S. K. Sears, U. Leucken, R. Hesse, J. L. Kirschvink, and H. Vali (2008). Gigantism in Unique Biogenic Magnetite at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 17648-17653, doi:10.1073/pnas.0803634105. [Journal link]

• R. E. Kopp, T. D. Raub, D. Schumann, H. Vali, A. V. Smirnov, and J. L. Kirschvink (2007). Magnetofossil Spike During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Ferromagnetic Resonance, Rock Magnetic, and Electron Microscopy Evidence from Ancora, New Jersey, USA. Paleoceanography 22, PA4103, doi:10.1029/2007PA001473. [Journal link]

• A. C. Maloof, R. E. Kopp, J. P. Grotzinger, D. A. Fike, T. Bosak, H. Vali, P. M. Poussart, B. P. Weiss, and J. L. Kirschvink (2007). Sedimentary iron cycling and the origin and preservation of magnetization in platform carbonate muds, Andros Island, Bahamas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 259, 581-598, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.021. [Journal link]

• A. Kobayashi, J. L. Kirschvink, C. Z. Nash, R. E. Kopp, D. A. Sauer, L. E. Bertani, W. F. Voorhout, and T. Taguchi (2006). Experimental observation of magnetosome chain collapse in magnetotactic bacteria: Sedimentological, paleontological, and evolutionary implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 245, 538-550, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.041. [Journal link]

• R. E. Kopp, C. Z. Nash, A. Kobayashi, B. P. Weiss, D. A. Bazylinski, and J. L. Kirschvink (2006). Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessment of magnetic anisotropy and magnetostatic interactions: A case study of mutant magnetotactic bacteria. J. Geophys. Res. B 111, B12S25, doi:10.1029/2006JB004529. [Journal link]

• R. E. Kopp, B. P. Weiss, A. C. Maloof, H. Vali, C. Z. Nash, and J. L. Kirschvink (2006). Chains, clumps, and strings: magnetofossil taphonomy with ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 247, 10-25, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.001. [Journal link]

• M. Liang, H. Hartman, R. E. Kopp, J. L. Kirschvink, and Y. L. Yung (2006). Production of hydrogen peroxide in the atmosphere of a Snowball Earth and the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103, 18896-18899, doi:10.1073/pnas.0608839103. [Journal link]

• Y. Suzuki, R. E. Kopp, et al (2006). Sclerite formation in the hydrothermal-vent “scaly-foot” gastropod – possible control of iron sulfide biomineralization by the animal. Earth Planet. Sci. Let. 242, 39-50, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.029. [Journal link]

• R. E. Kopp, J. L. Kirschvink, I. A, Hilburn, and C. Z. Nash (2005). The Paleoproterozoic Snowball Earth: A climate disaster triggered by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102, 11131-11136, doi:10.1073/pnas.0504878102. [Journal link]

• B. P. Weiss, S. S. Kim, J. L. Kirschvink, R. E. Kopp, M. Sankaran, A. Kobayashi, and A. Komeili (2004). Ferromagnetic resonance and low-temperature magnetic tests for biogenic magnetite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 224, 73-89, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.024. [Journal link]

• B. P. Weiss, S. S. Kim, J. L. Kirschvink, R. E. Kopp, M. Sankaran, A. Kobayashi, and A. Komeili (2004). Magnetic tests for magnetosome chains in Martian meteorite ALH84001. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 8281-4, doi:10.1073/pnas.0402292101. [Journal link]

• R. E. Kopp and M. Humayun (2003). Kinetic model of carbonate dissolution in Martian meteorite ALH84001. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 3247-3256, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01114-6. [Journal link]

Reports, book chapters, and theses

• Ferraro, C., R. Jordan, R. E. Kopp, S. L. Bond, J. Gong, C. J. Andrews, L. M. Auermuller, J. Herb, and J. McDonnell (2020). “Training Students to Improve Coastal Resilience”. In: Preparing Students for Community-Engaged Scholarship in Higher Education. Ed. by A. S. Zimmerman. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, pp. 347–360.

• Hess, H., M. Delgado, A. Hamidi, T. Houser, R. Kopp, I. Bolliger, S. Hsiang, and M. Greenstone (2019). New Jersey’s Rising Coastal Risk. Tech. rep. Rhodium Group.

• Kopp, R. E. et al (2019). New Jersey’s Rising Seas and Changing Coastal Storms: Report of the 2019 Science and Technical Advisory Panel. Tech. rep. Trenton, New Jersey: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Prepared for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.

• D. R. Morrow, R. E. Kopp and M. Oppenheimer (2018). Research ethics and geoengineering. In: Geoengineering our Climate?: Ethics, Politics and Governance. (J. Blackstock, C. Miller, and S. Rayner, eds.) London: Earthscan, pp. 187-189.

• G. Griggs, J. Árvai, D. Cayan, R. DeConto, J. Fox, H. A. Fricker, R. E. Kopp, C. Tebaldi, and E. A. Whiteman (2017). Rising seas in California: An update on sea-level rise science. California Ocean Science Trust, 71 pp.

• K. Hayhoe, J. Edmonds, R. E. Kopp, A. N. LeGrande, B. M. Sanderson, M. F. Wehner, and D. J. Wuebbles (2017). “Climate models, scenarios, and projections”. In: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I. Ed. by D. J. Wuebbles, D. W. Fahey, K. A. Hibbard, D. J. Dokken, B. C. Stewart, and T. K. Maycock. Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Global Change Research Program. Chap. 4, pp. 133–160. doi: 10.7930/J0WH2N54.

• R. E. Kopp, D. R. Easterling, T. Hall, K. Hayhoe, R. Horton, K. E. Kunkel, and A. N. LeGrande (2017). “Potential surprises – compound extremes and tipping elements”. In: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I. Ed. by D. J. Wuebbles, D. W. Fahey, K. A. Hibbard, D. J. Dokken, B. C. Stewart, and T. K. Maycock. Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Global Change Research Program. Chap. 15, pp. 411–429. doi: 10.7930/J0GB227J.

• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017). Valuing Climate Damages: Updating Estimation of the Social Cost of Carbon Dioxide. The National Academies Press, 394 pp. doi:10.17226/24651.

• W. V. Sweet, R. Horton, R. E. Kopp, A. N. LeGrande, and A. Romanou (2017). “Sea level rise”. In: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I. Ed. by D. J. Wuebbles, D. W. Fahey, K. A. Hibbard, D. J. Dokken, B. C. Stewart, and T. K. Maycock. Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Global Change Research Program. Chap. 12, pp. 333–363. doi: 10.7930/J0VM49F2.

• W.V. Sweet, R. E. Kopp, C. P. Weaver, J. Obeysekera, R. Horton, E. R. Thieler, and C. Zervas (2017). Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States. Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 083. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Data]

• D. J. Wuebbles, D. R. Easterling, K. Hayhoe, T. Knutson, R. E. Kopp, J. P. Kossin, K. E. Kunkel, A. N. LeGrande, C. Mears, W. V. Sweet, P. C. Taylor, R. S. Vose, and M. F. Wehner (2017). “Our globally changing climate”. In: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I. Ed. by D. J. Wuebbles, D. W. Fahey, K. A. Hibbard, D. J. Dokken, B. C. Stewart, and T. K. Maycock. Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Global Change Research Program. Chap. 1, pp. 35–72. doi: 10.7930/J08S4N35.

• E. Douglas et al. (2016). Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Projections for Boston: the Boston Research Advisory Group Report. Boston, MA: Climate Ready Boston, 54 pp.

• R. Kopp, A. Broccoli, B. Horton, D. Kreeger, R. Leichenko, J. A. Miller, P. Orton, A. Parris, D. Robinson, C. Weaver, M. Campo, M. Kaplan, M. Buchanan, J. Herb, L. Auermuller, and C. Andrews (2016). Assessing New Jersey’s Exposure to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Storms: Report of the New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance Science and Technical Advisory Panel. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University. doi:10.7282/T3ZP48CF.

• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2016). Assessment of Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon: Phase 1 Report on a Near-Term Update. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 74 pp. doi:10.17226/21898.

• B. H. Strauss, R. E. Kopp, W. V. Sweet, and K. Bittermann (2016). Unnatural Coastal Floods: Sea Level Rise and the Human Fingerprint on U.S. Floods Since 1950. Climate Central Research Report, 16 pp.

• Contributing author to: Arent, D., R. Tol, E. Faust, J. P. Hella, S. Kumar, K. M. Strzepek, F. L. Tóth, and D. Yan (2014). Key Economic Sectors and Services. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Ed. by C. B. Field, V. R. Barros, D. Dokken, K. Mach, M. Mastrandrea, T. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K. Ebi, Y. Estrada, R. Genova, B. Girma, E. Kissel, A. Levy, S. MacCracken, P. Mastrandrea, and L. White. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp.659–708.

• T. Houser,  R. Kopp, S. Hsiang, R. Muir-Wood, K. Larsen, M. Delgado, A. Jina, P. Wilson, S. Mohan, D. J. Rasmussen, M. Mastrandrea, and J. Rising (2014). American Climate Prospectus: Economic Risks in the United States. New York: Rhodium Group.

• Contributing author to: Oppenheimer, M., M. Campos, R. Warren, J. Birkmann, G. Luber, B. O’Neill, and K. Takahashi (2014). Emergent Risks and Key Vulnerabilities. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Ed. by C. B. Field, V. R. Barros, D. Dokken, K. Mach, M. Mastrandrea, T. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K. Ebi, Y. Estrada, R. Genova, B. Girma, E. Kissel, A. Levy, S. MacCracken, P. Mastrandrea, and L. White. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp.1039–1099.

• R. Warren, N. Arnell, S. Brown, T. Kjellstrom, R. Kopp, R. Nicholls, and J. Price (2014). Post-IPCC assessment of climate impacts using existing scenarios — advances in understanding. Report 1. AVOID 2 WPB.1a.

• D.F. Boesch, L.P. Atkinson, W.C. Boicourt, J.D. Boon, D.R. Cahoon, R.A. Dalrymple, T. Ezer, B.P. Horton, Z.P. Johnson, R.E. Kopp, M. Li, R.H. Moss, A. Parris, C.K. Sommerfield (2013). Updating Maryland’s Sea-level Rise Projections. Special Report of the Scientific and Technical Working Group to the Maryland Climate Change Commission. Cambridge, MD: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. [Video]

• J. Eom, R. Moss, J. Edmonds, K. Calvin, B. Bond-Lamberty, L. Clarke, J. Dooley, S. H. Kim, R. E. Kopp, P. Kyle, P. Luckow, P. Patel, A. Thomson, M. Wise and Y. Zhou (2013). Scenarios of future socio-economics, energy, land use and radiative forcing. In: Engineering Response to Global Climate Change: Planning a Research and Development Agenda, Second Edition. (R. G. Watts, ed.) Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 81–138.

• R. E. Kopp, S. M. Hsiang, and M. Oppenheimer (2013). Empirically calibrating damage functions and considering stochasticity when integrated assessment models are used as decision tools. In: Impacts World 2013 Conference Proceedings. Potsdam: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, pp. 834–843.

• Contributing author to: Masson-Delmotte, V., M. Schulz, A. Abe-Ouchi, J. Beer, A. Ganopolski, J. G. Rouco, E. Jansen, K. Lambeck, J. Luterbacher, T. Naish, T. Osborn, B. Otto-Bliesner, T. Quinn, R. Ramesh, M. Rojas, X. Shao, and A. Timmermann (2013). Information from Paleoclimate Archives. In: Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Ed. by T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, and P. Midgley. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp.383–464.

• D. R. Morrow, R. E. Kopp and M. Oppenheimer (2013). Political legitimacy in decisions about experiments in solar radiation management. In: Climate Change Geoengineering: Philosophical Perspectives, Legal Issues, and Governance Frameworks. (W. C. G. Burns and A. Strauss, eds.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 146-167.

• Contributing author to: Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, United States Government (2010). Appendix 15a. Social cost of carbon for regulatory impact analysis under Executive Order 12866. In: Final Rule Technical Support Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment: Small Electric Motors, U.S. Department of Energy.

• K. L. Bice, A. G. Eil, B. Habib, P. L. Heijmans, R. E. Kopp, J. P. Nogues, F. L. Norcross, M. Sweitzer-Hamilton, A. Whitworth and D. L. Mauzerall (2009). Black Carbon: A Review and Policy Recommendations. Princeton, NJ: Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.

• C. Katsman, J. Church, R. Kopp, D. Kroon, M. Oppenheimer, H.-P. Plag, S. Rahmstorf, J. Ridley, H. von Storch, D. Vaugh, and R. van der Wal (2008). High-end projection for local sea level rise along the Dutch coast in 2100 and 2200. In: Exploring high-end climate change scenarios for flood protection of the Netherlands: an international scientific assessment, P. Vellinga, C. A. Katsman, A. Sterl, and J. J. Beersma, eds. Wageningen, the Netherlands: KNMI and Wageningen UR (Alterra, Earth System Science and Climate Change Group). [published in Dutch]

• R. E. Kopp (2007). The identification and interpretation of microbial biogeomagnetism. Ph.D. thesis in Geobiology (J. L. Kirschvink, advisor). Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA. 190 pp.

• R. E. Kopp (2002). Evidence for Antarctic alteration of Martian meteorite ALH84001. Senior thesis (M. Humayun, advisor). Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 37 pp.

Journal volumes

• Guest co-editor (with A. Marten and K. Caradamone), Climatic Change special issue (2013). Improving the Assessment and Valuation of Climate Change Impacts for Policy and Regulatory Analysis.

• Guest co-editor (with R. Tol and S. Waldhoff), Economics special issue (2012). The Social Cost of Carbon.

Popular publications

• Kopp, R. E. (2020). “Sea Level Rise, 1970–2070: A View from the Future”. In: Earth 2020: An insider’s guide to a rapidly changing planet. Ed. by P. D. Tortell. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers. doi: 10.11647/OBP.0193.16.

• Kopp, R. (2019). Climate research needs to change to help communities plan for the future. The Conversation, 5 April 2019.

• Mitrovica, J., C. Hay, and R. Kopp (2018). All Sea Level is Local. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 74(3), 142–147. doi: 10.1080/00963402.2018.1461935.

• R. Kopp. How bad could Trump’s Paris Agreement withdrawal be? A scientist’s perspective. The Conversation, 1 June 2017.

• R. Kopp. New York 2140: A novelist’s vision of a drowned city that still never sleeps. The Conversation, 5 March 2017.

• R. Kopp. Managing climate risk in Trump’s America. The Conversation, 9 November 2016.

• R. Kopp. Trump’s energy plan poses climate threat to U.S. economy. The Conversation, 23 June 2016.

• R. Kopp, J. Buzan and M. Huber. The deadly combination of heat and humidity. New York Times Sunday Review, 7 June 2015.

• B. Strauss and R. Kopp. Rising seas, vanishing coast lines. New York Times Sunday Review, 25 November 2012.

• R. Kopp and B. Strauss. Rising seas a real threat to New Jersey. Newark Star Ledger, 10 July 2012. 

• Ghostwriter for J. L. Kirschvink (2006). Red Earth, White Earth, Green Earth, Black Earth. Engineering & Science No. 4: 10-20.

• R. E. Kopp and J. L. Kirschvink (2004). The world’s worst climate disaster. In: Miracle Planet II: The Evolution of Our World . Tokyo: NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation). [published in Japanese]